Pasquale Casale and Douglas A. Canning
Various imaging modalities, i.e. pneumoperitoneography, ultrasonography, CT and MRI, have been used to locate impalpable testes in boys, but none are as accurate as laparoscopy. Laparoscopy was initially used as a diagnostic tool for evaluating patients with impalpable testes until Jordan et al. introduced the therapeutic application of laparoscopy in boys with undescended testis [1,2]. Further advancement in laparoscopic instrumentation and refined techniques has allowed laparoscopic orchidopexy to become the treatment of choice for impalpable testes. Many investigators have reported their success rate in placing the testis into the scrotum by laparoscopic procedures. One of the largest series by Chang et al. had an excellent outcome with an overall success rate of 85% and a 96% success rate on testes that had no previous surgery [3].
- Campbell_Walsh_Urology_Eleventh_Edition
- Hướng dẫn chấn đoán và điều trị tăng sinh lành tính tuyến tiền liệt
- Phác đồ hướng dẫn chẩn đoán và xử trí xuất tinh sớm
- Hướng dẫn xử trí tăng sinh lành tính tuyến tiền liệt ( VUNA 2014)
- Hướng dẫn chẩn đoán và điều trị ung thư tuyến tiền liệt ( VUNA cập nhật 2014)